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Procedural law and substantive law

Substantive law

Deals with rights and the punishments

 Procedural law

the law that deals with duties and procedures to be used by the courts for the administration of justice

When there is a infringement of rights courts need to provide remedy.

Procedural law are 

summons,pleading,proof,judgement and excecution

Summons- informs the concerned persons about the case

Pleading - trial in the courts based of facts and evidence

Judgement - judges decide the case based on the evidence and circumstances of the facts and argument

Excecution - the judgment of enforced when not properly obeyed .

Evidence-

Judicial -

The evidence which the court accepts as proof like the document of sale .

and extrajudicial-

Testimony of a person which could be done by taking a oath in the court outside the court.

Which could be false or real evidence

Most cases testimonial evidenced are not considered to be actual evidences ,because the rich may win the case based on false evidences.


Direct and circumstantial

Evidence a which are directly produced in the court and circumstantial one is included based on the other secondary evidences.

Valuation of evidence 

Conclusive -

Satisfy the requirements of law rather than convincing the court

presumption-

A person not been heard for Seven years is assumed to be dead

Insufficient-

Where a attestation of a document requires the witness to be produced if valid attestation


Exclusive -

Direct proof like original documents produced in court


No evidence-

Person giving evidence has been convicted earlier raise doubts.

False testimonials pecuniary needs would not be a evidence

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